LANGUAGE FOCUS
Phonetics
Stress in
two-syllable words with the same spelling:
'export (n) - ex'port (v). 'decrease (n) -
de'crease (v)...
Grammar
- Comparative
and superlative adjectives
The whole matter is further complicated by
the fact that they refuse to sit down and negotiate.
It is best to get to know about the culture
of the country where you truvel to.
- Articles
We lay food on the altar as we believe that
our ancestors will enjoy the meal with us.
We did have a great time in the ancient city
of Hoi An.
VOCABULARY
Words and
phrases related to tradition, cultural characteristics and superstitions
belief,
superstitious, wedding ceremony...
I. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word whose underlined
part differs from the other three in
pronunciation in each of the following questions.
1. A. tradition B. cultural C. accordance D. similarity
2. A. ritual B. superstitious C. origin D. exist
3. A. fortune B. important C. ancestor D. support
4. A. lucky B. success C. status D. culture
5. A. decided B. needed C. wanted D. opened
II. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word that differs
from the other three in the position of primary stress in each of the following
questions.
1. A. belief B. story C. marriage D. wedding
2. A. prepare B. believe C. preserve D.
offer
3. A. follow B. altar C. throughout D. legend
4. A. argue B. venture C. couple D. diverse
5. A. propose B. standard C. research D. engage
III. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the underlined part that
needs correction in each of the following sentences.
1. She teaches the
students to have respect for different races and appreciate a
diversity of other cultures.
A B C D
2. It is the city of huge
musical and artistic diversity, where every taste is catered for.
A B C D
3. Does television
adequately reflects the ethnic and cultural diversity of the
country?
A B C D
4. People are encouraging
to celebrate the diversity of their communities.
A B C D
5. The teaching profession
does not yet reflect the diversity of its population.
A B C D
IV. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the correct answer to
each of the following sentences.
1. Cultural diversity expands
choices, nurtures ____ variety of skills, human values and worldviews and
provides wisdom from the past to inform the future.
A. a B. an C. the D. no article
2. Cultural diversity is ____
mainspring for sustainable development for individuals, communities and
countries.
A. а B. an C. the D. no article
3. The Heritage Education for
Sustainable Development project aims ____ strengthening the linkage between
culture and education for sustainable development.
A. to B. for C. at D. by
4. Cultural diversity (also known
as multiculturalism) is ____ group of diverse individuals from different
cultures or societies.
A. a B. an C. the D. no article
5. Today's workforce is made up
____ a very diverse population of individuals from every part of the world,
which creates dynamic multiracial and multicultural organizations.
A. by B. from C. of D. with
6. The phrase "cultural
diversity" is also sometimes used to mean ____ variety of human societies
or cultures in a specific region, or in the world as a whole.
A. a B. an C. the D. no article
7. Globalization is often said to
have ____ negative effect on the world's cultural diversity.
A. a B. an C. the D. no article
8. Productivity increases
exponentially when people of all cultures pull together towards a single ____ goal.
A. inspire B. inspiring C. inspired D. inspiratory
9. Cultural diversity is a
driving force of development, not only ____ economic growth, but also as a
means of leading a more fulfilling intellectual, emotional, moral and spiritual
life.
A. in terms of
B. with respect to C. in response to D. with the aim of
10. Cultural diversity is an asset
that is ____ for poverty reduction and the achievement of sustainable
development.
A. crucial B. fundamental C. critical D. indispensable
11. In a diverse workplace,
employees are more likely to remain loyal when they feel ____ and valued for
their unique contribution.
A. respectful B. respected C. respective D. respectable
12. Diverse cultural perspectives
can inspire ____ and drive innovation.
A. creation B. creator C. creature D. creativity
13. By offering a platform for
the open exchange of ideas, businesses can reap ____ benefits of diversity in
the workplace.
A. the big B. the bigger C. the biggest D. the most big
14. Cultural diversity is
important because our country, workplaces, and schools increasingly ____ of
various cultural, racial, and ethnic groups.
A. comprise B. contain C. include D. consist
15. Diversity makes our country a
____ place to live, as people from diverse cultures contribute language skills,
new ways of thinking, new knowledge, and different experiences.
A. interesting B. more interesting C. most interesting D. least interesting
16. Cultural diversity supports
the idea that every person can make a unique and positive contribution to the
larger society because of, ____ in spite of their differences.
A. rather than
B. instead of C. other than D. in place of
17. Often people are afraid that
___ differences will divide people from each other.
A. recognize B. recognizes C. recognizing D. recognized
18. If you are able to explain
the importance of diversity to children and show them how diverse the world is,
you can help them to be ____ toward people of different cultural backgrounds.
A. more
open-minded B.
more opening mind
C. more opened
mind D.
more opening minded
19. Parents or family members
need to sit down and talk with children as well as present them ____
easy-to-understand data, and talk about the importance of cultural diversity,
A. to B. for C. at D. with
20. Bringing together people of
various backgrounds with different life experiences can generate ideas or
perspectives ____ others may not have ever considered or been aware of.
A. how B. what C. why D. that
21. The modern workplace is a
mosaic of different ideas, beliefs and opinions, which ____ together create an
atmosphere of cultural diversity.
A. being
taking B. taking C . taken D. having taken
22. For some students being in a
diverse school or college can prepare them for the real world, ____ they can
take a stance on a subject and be able to voice their opinion from an informed
point of view.
A. in that B. that C. at which D. where
23. Most authorities tend ____
that diversity is more beneficial to society than it is harmful.
A. to believe B. believe C. believing D. believed
24. "Do you have a cultural
diversity in your class?" “____”
A. I'm sorry,
but I don't see your point in the way you argue.
B. Sure. My
classmates come from different areas of our country.
C. I can't
understand what my friends talk with their provincial accents.
D. It's very
nice to be friends with people of different backgrounds.
25. "Do you think cultural
diversity does good to us all?" "____"
A. Actually, I
feel very difficult to communicate with people of a different culture.
B. When I
travel, I meet a lot of interesting people from different cultures.
C. When you
make friend with a foreigner, you are able to know one more culture.
D. Travelling
is a part of my business, so I learn much about others' cultures.
26. Understanding and respecting
individuals who are different from one's self, ____ racially, socially,
ideologically or spiritually, is a natural outcome of understanding the vast
diversity of God's creation.
A. either B. neither C. whether D. both
27. The more different cultures
work together, ____ essential to avoid problems.
A. the more
cultural competency training is B.
the more culturally competent training is
C. the more
cultural competent training is D.
the more culturally competency training is
28. Cultural problems can range
from miscommunication to actual conflict, all ____ effective worker
productivity and performance.
A. endanger B. endangers C. endangering D. endangered
29. Students who attend schools
with ____ diverse population can develop an understanding of the perspectives
of children from different backgrounds and learn to function in a
multicultural, multiethnic environment.
A. a B. an C. the D. no article
30. In a classroom the teacher
can structure learning groups that are diverse and devise activities that
require each student ____ to the group.
A. to
contribute B. contribute C. contributing D. contributed
V. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in
meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following sentences.
1. Diversity includes physical
appearance, religious belief, and race but your opinions and thoughts and the impact
they make on society are also part of diversity.
A. influence B. benefit C. response D. value
2. Western cultures are often more
informal, where business leaders often refer to each other by first names. In
countries like Japan, this is frowned upon as it indicates disrespect.
A. hated by B. disapproved of C. agreed on D. kept away from
3. Communities that feel they
have a connection with local businesses will be more inclined to support
those companies.
A. feel like B. have a tendency C. have a strong will D. feel sure
4. People of different cultural
and racial backgrounds can interact and get to learn and appreciate each
other's uniqueness hence fostering tolerance and peaceful coexistence.
A. offering
support for B.
drawing encouragement from
C. making an
agreement on D.
promoting the development of
5. In general, most students are
comfortable interacting with people, behaviors, and ideas that they are
familiar with but react with fear and apprehension when faced with the
unfamiliar.
A.
comprehension B. confidence C. anxiety D. surprise
VI. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the sentence that is closest
in meaning to each of the following sentences.
1. People from diverse cultures
can make American companies more productive and profitable.
A. American
companies can make themselves more productive and profitable with diverse
cultures.
B. American
companies can be made more productive and profitable by people from diverse
cultures.
C. Diverse
cultures can make American companies more productive and profitable with their
people.
D. Diverse
cultures can make American companies and their people more productive and
profitable.
2. Dying languages and
urbanization are threats to cultural diversity.
A. Of the
threats to cultural diversity is dying languages and urbanization.
B. Cultural
diversity is threatened with dying languages and urbanization.
C. Dying
languages and urbanization is making cultural diversity a threat.
D. Culture
diversity is threatening to kill some languages and urbanization.
3. When we interact and try to
understand others, we will not Judge them.
A. We will not
judge others if we interact and try to understand them.
B. Unless we
do not interact and try to understand others, we will not judge them.
C. If we do
not try to interact and understand others, we will not judge them.
D. We interact
and try to understand others; otherwise, we will not judge them.
4. Cultural diversity in the
workplace can sometimes lead to intercultural conflicts.
A. Cultural
diversity in the workplace can sometimes result from intercultural conflicts.
B.
Intercultural conflicts can sometimes result from cultural diversity in the
workplace.
C. In the
workplace, cultural diversity can be sometimes the leaders of intercultural conflicts.
D. In the
workplace, intercultural conflicts can sometimes be led by cultural diversity.
5. Learning about cultural
differences can actually bring people closer together.
A. To bring
people closer together, we have to learn about cultural differences.
B. To learn
about cultural differences is to bring people closer together.
C. People can
be brought closer together by learning about cultural differences.
D. People can
learn about cultural differences to bring themselves closer together.
VII. Mark the letter A, B, C, or D to indicate the sentence that best
combines each pair of sentences given.
1. Most of us enjoy one aspect of
cultural diversity. This can also be a good way to start learning about new
cultures.
A. Enjoying
one aspect of cultural diversity can also be a good way to start learning about
new cultures.
B. As most of
us enjoy one aspect of cultural diversity, it can also be a good way to start
learning about new cultures.
C. Most of us
enjoy one aspect of cultural diversity, which can also be a good way to start
learning about new cultures.
D. A good way
for most of us to start learning about new cultures can also be enjoying one
aspect of cultural diversity.
2. Cultural diversity can be a
source of tension. It can also bolster workplace productivity.
A. Cultural
diversity can be a source of tension, but it can also bolster workplace productivity.
B. Cultural
diversity can bolster workplace productivity, but it can also be a source of
tension.
C. Being a
source of tension can also make cultural diversity bolster workplace
productivity.
D. When
bolstering workplace productivity, cultural diversity can be a source of tension.
3. Diverse companies are more
aware of the needs of their community. They tend to give more monetarily and
engage in cultural events in their communities.
A. Because
diverse companies are more aware of the needs of their community, they tend to
give more monetarily and engage in cultural events in their communities.
B. Diverse
companies are more aware of the needs of their community, but they tend to give
more monetarily and engage in cultural events in their communities.
C. Although
diverse companies are more aware of the needs of their community, they tend to
give more monetarily and engage in cultural events in their communities.
D. Diverse
companies are not only more aware of the needs of their community, but they
also tend to give more monetarily and engage in cultural events in their communities.
4. Students' needs are diverse.
There are various types of schools and training programs to choose from.
A. Students'
needs are diverse although there are various types of schools and training
programs to choose from.
B. There are
various types of schools and training programs for students of diverse needs to
choose from.
C. Students'
needs are diverisifying types of schools and training programs for them to
choose from.
D. Students'
needs are diverse, so there are various types of schools and training programs
to choose from.
5. There is a wide range of
classroom activities. These activities can help students recognize the
essential humanity and value of different types of people.
A. There is a
wide range of classroom activities that can help students recognize the
essential humanity and value of different types of people.
B. A wide
range of activities can help recognize the essential humanity and value of
different types of students in the classroom.
C. In the
classroom, there is a wide range of activities which can help students recognize
the essential humanity and value of different types.
D. Students
can be helped to recognize a wide range of activities of essential humanity and
value of different types of people.
VIII. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to
indicate the correct word or phrase that best fits each of the numbered blanks.
Human beings
are extremely diverse in very many ways. People differ (1) ____ opinions, race,
nationality, gender, age, sexuality, ethnicity, class, religion, lifestyle and
so much more, yet at the very basic we are all human species. Ideally, all
people feel (2) ____ and joy despite the differences. Today, the changes in
time and technology have made (3) ____ extremely impossible for any group of
people to live without (4) ____ with others outside their group. Often people
of different cultural and geographical (5) ____ meet in international
conferences, education exchange programs, sports, etc.
Sadly, the
history of mankind (6) ____ against each other based on cultural differences
has been with us (7) ____. So many people have died or have been denied their
rights because of individual (8) ____. Properties and economies have also been
(9) ____ due to lack of understanding. Unfortunately, some of these occurrences
are visible even today, perpetuated by people who little understand (10) ____
importance of the uniqueness of our diversity.
1. A. from B. by C. in D. with
2. A. pain B. pained C. painful D. painless
3. A. that B. what C. is D. this
4. A. interact B. interaction C. interactive D. interacting
5. A. backgrounds B. settings C. identities D. surroundings
6. A. to discriminate B.
have discriminated C.
discriminating D.
discriminated
7. A. at times B. now that C. long ago D. for ages
8. A. greed B. greedy C. greediness D. greedily
9. A. destroying B. destroyed C. destructive D. destructively
10. A. this B. an C. the D. that
IX. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to
indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.
There is
always conflict between people because we have different needs and wants. For
example, you may want to see an action movie but your significant other wants
to see a comedy or you may prefer eating at a Mexican restaurant while your
spouse wants Chinese. However, you have known each other well for years and
will work it out.
In the
workplace, there is always conflict as well but it's usually more difficult to
resolve than with personal relationships. There are differences between
workers, between workers and supervisors, between departments, between
companies, between companies and their customers, between companies and their
governing bodies and on it goes. These relationships are usually not as deep or
trusting as personal ones making resolving disputes more difficult and
challenging.
Interestingly,
most workplace conflict is totally unnecessary because they are usually the
result of simple misunderstandings, miscommunications or small differences that
could be easily resolved if the parties
truly knew each other's motivations. Unfortunately, at work there is rarely the
opportunity to develop deep personal relationships and when you add the
complexity of cross-cultural differences and the gulf can seem insurmountable. Culture brings unique
perspectives on deadlines, conflict resolution, speaking one's mind, working as
a team and much more.
However, with
a little training and education people will recognize that they have a lot more
in common than they have differences. When cross-cultural conflict is resolved
and employees with diverse backgrounds and skills start to work together, the
potential and promise of diversity in the workplace can be fully realized.
1. It is stated in paragraph 1
that people come into conflict with each other because of their difference in ____.
A. favorite
movies B.
favorite foods
C. needs and
wants D.
insights and ideas
2. Which of the following is NOT
mentioned as a cause of conflict at workplaces?
A. simple
misunderstandings B.
small differences
C.
miscommunications D.
deep personal relationships
3. The word "parties" in the passage most
probably refers to ____.
A. bosses B. managers C. employees D. colleagues
4. The word "insurmountable" in the passage
mostly means ____.
A. too much to
be calculated B.
too great to be overcome
C. too big to
be measured D.
too many to be counted
5. According to the passage,
people can solve their conflict at workplace by ____.
A. training
and education B.
realizing the potential of diversity
C. working
with one another D.
keeping promise with each other
X. Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D to
indicate the correct answer to each of the questions.
What is
cultural diversity? Diversity is nothing more than a difference from the
majority. In any culture, there is a majority and many minorities. Culture is a
set of norms that set standards for
a society of what is acceptable behavior.
In every
culture, there are basic standards for social interaction such as personal
space distance, eye contact, amount of body language displayed in public,
negotiating style, etc. In America, we stand about eighteen inches apart when
engaged in normal conversation; prefer very direct eye contact; are pretty
demonstrative with body language and negotiate very directly, always asking the
other party for their "bottom line”. In other cultures, they
may stand closer or farther than we are comfortable, may view direct eye
contact as rude, be more or less open to displaying body language and negotiate
more indirectly.
In America,
many of us have a peculiar habit of assuming
that those who differ from our norms are wrong. We tend to view the world from
a rather myopic view leading to those outside this country calling us
"Ugly Americans".
Cultural
diversity makes our country richer by making it a more interesting place in which to live. Just think how boring
a meal would be without Chinese, Mexican, Japanese, Italian, German, French or
Indian food!
Cultural
diversity also makes our country stronger and better able to compete in the new
global economy. People from diverse cultures bring language skills, new ways of
thinking, creative solutions to difficult problems and negotiating skills.
In the past,
ethnographers in the United States used to refer to our country as a melting pot where new immigrants would
eventually be fully integrated into the American culture. This has obviously
not happened so modern researchers have not begun to talk about America as a
garden salad where different cultural diversity mixes with the European
American culture to form a meal where all of the various ingredients are still
readily identifiable.
Cultural
diversity makes the United States a much more interesting place in which to
live for all of its inhabitants. If we all thought alike imagine how boring the
world would be! Thank God for diversity!
1. The best title of the passage
could be ____.
A. American
Cultural Diversity B.
American Ethical Minorities
C. American
Standards D.
America as a Melting Pot
2. The word "norms" in the passage is closest
in meaning to ____.
A. examples B. rules C. data D. models
3. As discussed in the passage,
which of the following may NOT be considered polite in American culture?
A. Maintaining
direct eye contacts while talking with others
B. Negotiating
in a very direct manner
C. Keeping
about half a meter away from others in normal conversation
D. Touching
others during the conversation with them
4. The word "party" in the passage almost means
____.
A. staff B. presenter C. host D. negotiator
5. The phrase "bottom line" in the passage mostly
means ____.
A. the
required minimum B.
the most important concern
C. the key
point to their success D.
the minimum acceptable benefit
6. The word "assuming" in the passage is
closest in meaning to ____.
A. thinking B. saying C. arguing D. describing
7. The word "it" in the passage refers to ____.
A. cultural
diversity B. our country C. global economy D. this country
8. Which of the following is not
stated as a benefit of having cultural diversity for America?
A. New ways of
thinking B.
Negotiating skills
C. Language
skills D.
New styles of arts
9. The author mentions the phrase
"melting pot" to ____.
A. describe a
misassumption about American culture
B. to explain
why Americans prefer to serve garden salad
C. to change
Americans' viewpoints on their own culture
D. to advise Americans
on how to look at their culture
10. Which of the following best
describes the author's attitude throughout the passage?
A. Supportive
of cultural diversity
B. Reluctant
to accept cultural diversity
C.
Underestimating the values of cultural diversity
D. Taking
pride in living in a diverse culture
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