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Mitigation - reducing climate change - involves reducing the flow of heat-trapping greenhouse gases into the atmosphere, either by reducing sources of these gases (for example, the burning of fossil fuels for electricity, heat or transport) or enhancing the "sinks" that ____ (1) and store these gases (such as the oceans, forests and soil). The goal of mitigation is to avoid dangerous human ____ (2) with the climate system, and "stabilize greenhouse gas levels in a timeframe sufficient to allow ecosystems to adapt naturally to climate change, ensure that food production is not threatened and to enable economic development to proceed in a sustainable manner" (from the 2014 report on Mitigation of Climate Change from the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, page 4). Adaptation - adapting to life in a changing climate - involves adjusting to actual or expected future climate. The goal is to reduce our ____ (3) to the harmful effects of climate change (like sea-level encroachment, more intense extreme weather events or food insecurity). It also encompasses making the most of any potential beneficial opportunities ____ (4) with climate change (for example, longer growing seasons or increased yields in some regions).
Unit
6. GLOBAL WARMING - KEY
1. Vocabulary
emission (n):
khí thải
fertilizer (n):
phân bón
deforestation
(n): sự phá rừng
man-made
(adj): do con người
irresponsible
(adj): vô trách nhiệm
suffer (v):
chịu đựng
infectious
(adj): lây nhiễm
ecological
(adj): thuộc về sinh thái
come up with
(phr-v): nghĩ ra
go through
(phr-v): thảo luận chi tiết
work out
(phr-v): tìm ra
severe (adj):
khốc liệt
upset (v): phá
vỡ
environmentalist
(n): nhà môi trường học
alternative
(adj): thay thế
identify (v):
xác định
suspect (v):
nghi ngờ
extinction
(n): sự tuyệt chủng
numerous
(adj): nhiều
catastrophic
(adj): thảm khốc
release (v):
thải ra, làm giảm
demand (n):
nhu cầu
disrupt (v):
gây cản trở
capture (v):
hút
absorb (v):
hút, hấp thụ
drought (n):
hạn hán
flood (n): lũ
lụt
injure (v):
làm tổn thương
famine (n):
nạn đói
delay (v): trì
hoãn
disappearance
(n): sự biến mất
diversity (n):
sự đa dạng
ecosystem (n):
hệ sinh thái
light bulb
(n): bóng đèn
significantly
(adv): một cách hiệu quả, mạnh mẽ
lawmaker (n):
người lập pháp
ban (v): cấm
2. Grammar: Perfect participles and perfect gerunds
2.1. Perfect participles (Phân từ hoàn thành)
2.1.1. Form: having + V-3/(e)d
e.g. Having met his parents, he left home.
(Sau khi gặp bố mẹ mình, anh ấy
rời khỏi nhà.)
He gave up smoking after having seen the death of a smoker.
(Cậu ta đã bỏ hút thuốc sau khi
thấy cái chết của một người nghiện hút thuốc.)
Having drunk too much alcohol, he is vomiting now.
(Vì đã uống quá nhiều rượu nên giờ ông ta
đang nôn mửa.)
* Note: Nếu phân từ hoàn
thành đứng đầu cậu ta phải dùng dấu phẩy (,) giữa hai mệnh đề.
e.g. Having met his parents, he left home.
(Sau khi gặp bố mẹ mình, anh ấy
rời khỏi nhà)
2.1.2. Use:
* Chúng ta dùng phân từ hoàn
thành trong một mệnh đề để diễn tả nó xảy ra trước động từ của mệnh đề còn lại.
e.g. Having registered, Anna entered
the conference room.
= After Anna had registered, she entered the conference room.
(Sau khi đã đăng ký Anna đi vào
phòng hội nghị.)
* Chúng ta dùng phân từ hoàn
thành trong một mệnh đề để diễn tả lý do cho động từ của mệnh đề còn lại (mệnh
đề chính).
e.g. Having worked on his computer for a
long time, Peter feels dizzy now.
= Because Peter has worked on his computer for a long time, he feels
dizzy now.
(Giờ Peter thấy chóng mặt là do
cậu ấy đã làm việc trên máy tính quá lâu.)
* Note: chúng ta chỉ dùng
phân từ hoàn thành khi hai mệnh đề có cùng chủ ngữ.
2.2. Perfect Gerunds (Danh động từ hoàn thành)
2.2.1. Form: having + V-3/(e)d
Danh động từ hoàn thành được dùng
theo 2 cấu trúc sau:
* Verb + (object) + preposition + perfect gerund
e.g. He apologized for having broken his
watch.
(Cậu bé xin lỗi vì đã làm vỡ mất
chiếc đồng hồ.).
They praised the old lady for having caught the thief.
(Họ ca ngợi bà cụ vì đã tóm được
tên trộm.)
Một số động từ dùng với cấu trúc
trên: apologize for, accuse ... of, blame ... for, congratulate ... on,
criticize ... for, punish ... for, thank ... for, suspect ... of
* Verb + perfect gerund
e.g. The little girl admitted having eaten all
the cakes.
(Cô bé thừa nhận là đã ăn hết số
bánh đó.)
Một số động từ dùng với cấu trúc
trên: deny, admit, forget, mention, remember, recall, regret
* Note: để tạo thành thể
phủ định ta thêm not vào trước danh động từ hoàn thành.
e.g. Hana was punished for not having done her
homework.
(Hana bị phạt vì chưa làm bài
tập.)
2.2.2. Use: Danh động từ hoàn thành là hình thức thay thế cho danh
động từ khi chúng ta đề cập đến hành động trong quá khứ xảy ra trước động từ chính
đứng trước nó.
e.g. Peter admitted having poured milk into the
bowl.
= Peter admitted that he had poured milk into the bowl.
(Peter thừa nhận là đã đổ sữa vào
trong cái bát.)
3. Pronunciation
Echo questions (câu hỏi lặp lại)
Câu hỏi lặp lại dùng để hỏi lại
phần thông tin mà ta vừa nghe nhưng chưa rõ hoặc thể hiện sự ngạc nhiên hoặc
chú tâm vào lời nói của người khác (ồ thế á?). Ta lên giọng ở cuối câu hỏi lặp
lại.
* Ta có thể hỏi bằng cách lặp lại một phần thông tin.
e.g. A: David said to me that he's getting
married.
(David nói với mình rằng anh ấy
sắp lấy vợ)
B: He's getting married?
(Ồ thế á?)
* Ta có thể hỏi bằng cách dùng câu có hình thức là câu kể nhưng có từ
để hỏi ở cuối câu.
e.g. A: My lover's dog is so lovely. Her name is
Adam.
(Con chó của người yêu em thật
đáng yêu. Tên nó là Adam.)
B: Her name is what?
(Tên nó là gì cơ?)
PART II. PRACTICE
2. Give the English word and Vietnamese meaning to each of the
following transcription.
1. ____emission______ /iˈmɪʃn/ (n): _____khí thải______
2. ____infectious______ /ɪnˈfekʃəs/ (adj): _____lây nhiễm____
3. _____ecological______ /ˌiːkəˈlɒdʒɪkl/ (adj): ____thuộc về sinh thái______
4. _____environmentalist______ /ɪnˌvaɪrənˈmentəlɪst/ (n): _____nhà môi trường học_____
5. _____extinction______ /ɪkˈstɪŋkʃn/ (n): _____sự tuyệt chủng______
6. _____numerous______ /ˈnjuːmərəs/ (adj): ____nhiều_____
7. _____disrupt______ /dɪsˈrʌpt/ (v): _____gây cản trở_____
8. _____capture______ /ˈkæptʃə(r)/ (v): _____hút______
9. _____absorb_____ /əbˈzɔːb/ (v): _____hút, hấp thụ______
10. _____famine_____ /ˈfæmɪn/ (n): ______nạn đói____
3. Give the correct form of the verbs in brackets.
1. ______Having taken off/ Taking off_______ (take off) his shoes, he realized that they smelled awful.
2. ______Having reached/ Reaching_________ (reach) the top of the mountain,
they started a fire.
3. Their clients agreed to pay by
check after _____having received/
receiving_____ (receive) the contracts.
4. He went out to play after
_______having asked/ asking_____ (ask)
his mother's permission.
5. We went to bed after ______having switched/ switching_____ (switch)
all the lights.
6. My friend's cousin apologized
for _____having broken/ breaking___ (break)
my vase 4 months ago.
7. His neighbors suspected him of
____having dumped/ dumping____ (dump)
a lot of rubbish onto the beach.
8. The president was awarded for
____having promoted/ promoting___ (promote)
the close relationship between two countries.
9. Last week, that strong man ____was accused___ (accuse) of having attacked the old lady's
puppy.
10. They congratulated their
beloved mayor on _____having given/
giving_____ (give) an excellent speech.
4. Complete the following sentences.
1. He did not drive home himself
after _____having drunk too much/ having
broken his arm ____.
2. ___Having seen the photograph of the place/ Having heard some bad news
about that university___, they had no desire to go there.
3. _____After having fallen from the horse back____, he was taken to
hospital and had an operation.
4. She said good-bye to him after
____having realized that he was a liar/
having been cheated_____.
5. Farmers turned to use
bio-fertilizers after ______having
realized/ having been told about the dangers of chemical fertilizers____.
5. Find and correct mistakes in following sentences.
1. Have washed the car, the skilled mechanic noticed a small
scratch on the front left fender.
Having washed the car, the skilled mechanic
noticed a small scratch on the front left fender.
Or: Washing the car, the skilled
mechanic noticed a small scratch on the front left fender.
2. The sales manager was praised
for take an important role in
the development of the organization.
The sales manager was praised for having
taken an important role in the development of the organization.
Or: The sales manager was praised
for taking an important role in the development of the organization.
3. Read his proposal carefully, he submitted it to his
lecturer.
Having read his proposal carefully, he
submitted it to his lecturer.
Or: Reading his proposal
carefully, he submitted it to his lecturer.
4. The board of director made big
decisions after discuss for a
long time.
The board of director made big decisions
after having discussed for a long time.
5. The architect's co-worker
apologized for having not
kept his promise.
The architect's co-worker apologized for
not having kept his promise.
Or: The architect's co-worker
apologized for not keeping his promise.
PART III. TEST YOURSELF
1. Gap - filling: Choose the suitable words from the box to complete
the sentences.
came up disrupted upset identified suffering
suspect fertilizer went through numerous alternatives
|
1. He spread ______fertilizer______ on the field with a
rake.
2. Many companies are _______suffering______ from a shortage of
skilled staff.
3. She _________came up__________ with a new idea for
increasing sales.
4. She _____went through______ the company's accounts, looking for evidence of
fraud.
5. He arrived an hour late and
_______upset_____ all our
arrangements.
6. We can agree to their terms or
else pull out of the deal completely: those are the two _____alternatives___
7. Scientists have ______identified_______ a link between diet
and cancer.
8. If you _____suspect______ a gas leak, do not strike
a match or even turn on an electric light.
9. The advantages of this system
are too _______numerous______ to
mention.
10. Bus services will be ______disrupted_____ tomorrow because of the bridge
closure.
2. Match each word/phrase on the left with its description on the
right.
1. irresponsible
|
a. not thinking enough about
the effects of what they do
|
2. alternative
|
b. existing in large numbers
|
3. identify
|
c. that can be used instead of
something else
|
4. numerous
|
d. causing a lot of damage and
suffering
|
5. catastrophic
|
e. to find or discover
somebody/something
|
Your answer:
1. ____a____ 2. ____c____ 3. ____e____ 4. ____b____ 5. ____d____
3. Word formation: Give the correct form of the words in brackets.
1. The government has pledged to
clean up industrial __________emission(s)________
(emit)
2. Flu is highly ________infectious________ (infect)
3. We risk upsetting the
(ecology) ________ecological_______ balance
of the area.
4. Strikes are causing severe
________disruption_________ to all
train services. (disrupt)
5. The mountain gorilla is on the
verge of _______extinction______ (extinct)
6. Police are investigating the
________disappearance/ appearance__________
of a young woman. (appear)
7. There is a need for greater _______diversity______ and choice in education.
(diverse)
8. Profits have increased
_________significantly_________ over
the past few years. (signify)
9. State ___lawmakers___ have been arguing over the new healthcare reform bill
for months. (lawmake)
10. It is said that land erosion
is caused by widespread ________deforestation_______.
(forest)
4. Choose the best answer.
1. We apologize for the delay in
answering your letter. The underlined word has the closest meaning to ____.
A. decay B. repay C. agreement D. postponement
2. William: "Who will come
to Thomas's housewarming party?" - Scot: “____”
A. He's invited all his fellow
workers. B.
No, I haven't been there.
C. It will be
warm house. D.
He's cooking rice and noodle.
3. The country's entire grain
harvest has been hit by a ____.
A. brought B. fought C. drought D.
sought
7. The related publications are
far too numerous ____ list individually.
A. to B. from C. of D. into
5. "After her partner had
uninstalled a program, he restarted the computer." has the closest meaning
to ____.
A. After had
uninstalled a program, her partner restarted the computer,
B. Had
uninstalled a program, her partner restarted the computer.
C. Having uninstalled a program,
her partner restarted the computer.
D. After
uninstalled a program, her partner restarted the computer
6. "That policeman had
hidden the special statue in a wooden box, but he denied this." has the
closest meaning to ____.
A. That
policeman denied to have hidden the special statue in a wooden box.
B. That
policeman denied had hidden the special statue in a wooden box.
C. That
policeman denied having hide the special statue in a wooden box.
D. That policeman denied having
hidden the special statue in a wooden box.
7. Scientists worry about the
____ of many species of plants and animals from our planet.
A. erupt B. amount C. erode D. disappearance
8. The heavy rain has caused ____
in many parts of the country.
A. food B. drought C. importance D. floods
9. Plants ____ carbon dioxide
from the air.
A. absorb B. resource C. sort D. export
10. You need to ____ the tension
in these shoulder muscles.
A. release B. pleasure C. strengthen D.
enlighten
11. Your receptionnist talked to
me after ____ with some other customers.
A. have dealt B. having dealt C.
dealt D. having
dealing
12. The police suspected that
strange van driver of ____ and eaten many wild animals.
A. hunting B. hunted C. having hunted D. had hunted
13. The factory ____ for dumping
tons of toxic waste into the river.
A. was heavily
fine B. was heavily fined C.
was heavily fining D. was
heavily fines
14. There's an increased ____ for
organic produce these days.
A. success B. prepare C. demand D.
complete
15. Choose the word with a stress
pattern different from the others.
A. emission B. infectious C. identify D. fertilizer
16. We know of several mass ____
in the earth's history,
A. distinction
B. extinction C. distinct D. extinctions
17. Choose the answer which needs
correcting.
Spend
all the money on advertising, he ended up going home empty-handed.
A B C D
18. Choose the answer which needs
correcting.
The student was
criticized on having written his final paper carelessly.
A B
C D
19. Choose the word with a stress
pattern different from the others.
A. alternative B. catastrophic C. interference D. disappearance
20. Choose the word with a stress
pattern different from the others.
A. ecological B. extinction C. significantly D. economy
5. Rearrange the words/phrases to make meaningful sentences.
1. the / was / having / of / He /
stolen / money. / accused
He was accused of having stolen the money.
2. wine. / She / up / of /
suddenly, / glass / stood / upsetting / a
She stood up suddenly, upsetting a glass of
wine.
3. trap. / he / right / walked /
the / nothing, / Suspecting / into
Suspecting nothing, he walked right into the
trap.
4. finished / Having/ his / he /
to / all / bed. / homework, / went
Having finished all his homework, he went
to bed.
5. film / before, / Having / the
/ the / didn't seen / want / I / to / to / cinema. / go
Having seen the film before, I didn’t want
to go to the cinema.
6. Read the passage and choose the best answer.
Mitigation and adaptation
Mitigation -
reducing climate change - involves reducing the flow of heat-trapping
greenhouse gases into the atmosphere, either by reducing sources of these gases
(for example, the burning of fossil fuels for electricity, heat or transport)
or enhancing the "sinks" that ____ (1) and store these gases (such as
the oceans, forests and soil). The goal of mitigation is to avoid dangerous
human ____ (2) with the climate system, and "stabilize greenhouse gas
levels in a timeframe sufficient to allow ecosystems to adapt naturally to
climate change, ensure that food production is not threatened and to enable
economic development to proceed in a sustainable manner" (from the 2014
report on Mitigation of Climate Change from the United Nations
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, page 4). Adaptation - adapting to
life in a changing climate - involves adjusting to actual or expected future
climate. The goal is to reduce our ____ (3) to the harmful effects of climate
change (like sea-level encroachment, more intense extreme weather events or
food insecurity). It also encompasses making the most of any potential
beneficial opportunities ____ (4) with climate change (for example, longer
growing seasons or increased yields in some regions).
Throughout
history, people and societies have adjusted to and coped ____ (5) changes in
climate and extremes with varying degrees of success. Climate change (drought
in particular) has been at least partly ____ (6) for the rise and fall of
civilizations. Earth's climate has been relatively stable for the past 12,000
years and this ____ (7) has been crucial for the development of our modern
civilization and life as we know it. Modern life is tailored to the stable
climate we have become accustomed to. As our climate changes, we will have to
learn to adapt. The faster the climate changes, the harder it could be.
While climate
change is a global issue, it is felt on a local scale. Cities and
municipalities are therefore at the frontline of adaptation. In the ____ (8) of
national or international climate policy direction, cities and local
communities around the world have been focusing on solving their own climate
problems. They are working to build flood defenses, plan for heatwaves and
higher temperatures, install water-permeable pavements to better deal with
floods and stormwater and improve water storage and use.
According to
the 2014 report on Climate Change Impacts, Adaptation and Vulnerability (page 8)
from the United Nations Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, governments
at various levels are also getting better ____ (9) adaptation. Climate change
is starting to be factored into a ____ (10) of development plans: how to manage
the increasingly extreme disasters we are seeing and their associated risks,
how to protect coastlines and deal with sea-level encroachment, how to best
manage land and forests, how to deal with and plan for reduced water
availability, how to develop resilient crop varieties and how to protect energy
and public infrastructure.
1. A. private B. separate C. dedicate D. accumulate
2. A. independence B. interference C.
indicate D. interrupt
3. A. view B.
vulnerability C.
volcano D. visible
4. A. associated B.
ashamed C.
allow D. aimed
5. A. onto B. into C. with D. over
6. A. responsible B.
visible C.
focus D. impossible
7. A. ability B. able C. stable D. stability
8. A. absent B. abstract C. absence D. abscess
9. A. at B. to C. over D. behind
10. A. several B. lots C. much D. variety
==> Bài tập Unit 6 - Tiếng Anh 11 có đáp án 1
==> Bài tập Unit 6 - Tiếng Anh 11 có đáp án 2
==> Bài tập Unit 6 - Tiếng Anh 11 có đáp án 3
==> Bài tập Unit 6 - Tiếng Anh 11 có đáp án 4
==> Bài tập Unit 6 - Tiếng Anh 11 có đáp án 5
==> Bài tập Unit 6 - Tiếng Anh 11 có đáp án 6
==> Bài tập Unit 6 - Tiếng Anh 11 có đáp án 7
==> Bài tập Unit 6 - Tiếng Anh 11 có đáp án 8
==> Bài tập Unit 6 - Tiếng Anh 11 có đáp án 9
English, English 11, Học tiếng Anh, Kiến thức, Kiến thức THPT, Lớp 11, Tiếng Anh, Tiếng anh 11,
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↪Đăng ký tài khoản - nhận coin sàn miễn phí - giữ chặt để bán
III. Sàn giao dịch Coin
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V. Chứng khoán
↪Hướng dẫn mở tài khoản chứng khoán trên điện thoại - Ở nhà cũng mở được để kiếm tiền mọi noi mọi lúc
Tham gia kênh Telegram theo dõi kèo kiếm coin miễn phí=> Bấm vào đây
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